Sun-Cooked Fruit Preserves

Back when I was first teaching myself about preserving and canning, I came across an old method for making strawberry preserves that called for setting the strawberries (tossed with sugar) on a tray out in the sun to cook down slowly and gently over a period of a few days. It sounded intriguing, but for a novice still struggling with the logistics of canning, it also sounded like a lot of extra work.

More recently, I came across a similar recipe in Edon Waycott's excellent book Preserving the Taste (a must-have for serious jam makers). Since canning had become second nature by then, I decided to make the effort and give the sun-cooked method a whirl. Hoo, doggie. Let me just say that sun-cooked strawberry jam is to almost any other strawberry jam what a brand-spanking-new Jaguar convertible is to a 1989 Ford Escort. Tana Butler over at I Heart Small Farms listed it (well, my version, anyway) as one of her Five Things to Eat Before You Die (scroll down).

The beauty of sun-cooking is that it concentrates the fruit very gently, preserving the delicate flavor compounds. What results is about the purest flavor of whatever fruit you subject to the process. It works especially well with something like peaches, which have such a bright flavor and aroma that is so quickly destroyed by cooking. Because the process involves short periods of boiling (for hygienic purposes), there is some degradation of flavor, but nothing like what happens with boiling to the gel-point.

Now that I'm pushing preserves to the public, I'm required to make whatever I make in ridiculous quantities. Last year, I put up 39 jars of Strawberry conserve and sold it all in about 5 weeks. I decided to go huge this year. Well, bigger. There's a pristine organic farm about 40 miles from here (Clear Brook Farm in Shaftsbury, VT) that grows perfect and delicious strawberries. I picked two flats there last year (and then had to fill in with non-organic berries from another farm after the wet weather ruined any berries that weren't being heavily sprayed with fungicide) but determined by the end of the summer that taking the time to pick my own fruit wasn't part of a sound business model. I negotiated a small discount on 8 flats of berries from Clear Brook. 8 flats. 64 quarts. Filled the back of my little car (and filled it with heavenly perfume).

By the time I got home I was down to 63 quarts. To digress slightly about the advantages of organic vs. non-organic farming: I found myself craving strawberries yesterday and stopped in a nearby non-organic farmstand to pick up a quart. They're disgusting. They're sweet and strawberry-flavored but slightly insipid...and have a pronounced chemical aftertaste. Not making this up. I wish I could find the article I read a few years ago, written by a former oncologist who got out of the business after his own cancer; he moved to Vermont and took up organic farming. He maintains that organically grown fruits and vegetables have better flavor because the harder work of growing up without chemical aids causes them to develop stronger flavor compounds. Makes sense to me.

It took my husband and me about 2 and a half hours to hull all the berries. I'd always used the sharp tip of a paring knife to hull strawberries, but somehow had the presence of mind to pick up a couple of strawberry hullers – only 99¢ a piece, but worth their weight in gold. They're not at all the frivolous kitchen gadget I'd always thought they were; they'll hull a berry in about 1/3 of the time it takes to do it with a knife, and leave a lot more of the berry behind.

So, here's the basic method for sun-cooked strawberry conserve:

First, watch the weather carefully to make sure you'll have 3 or 4 days of at least partial bright, hot sunshine. My husband and I are weather junkies and check no fewer than 4 different weather websites several times a day. A good one for long-range forecasts is the Accuweather site (punch in your zip code for your local weather).

You will need some kind of wide, flat vessel in which to “cook” the berries. I use these commercial kitchen trays made by Cambro, but you could also use shallow plastic lidded tubs made by Rubbermaid or Sterilite – from one of the Marts (Wal- or K-) – or even shallow baking sheets (though I'd be afraid aluminum might throw the flavor off). Something with a lid is preferred, as it will save you carting the trays indoors at night to protect them from rain or dew. You'll also need some kind of screening to put over the trays to keep bugs and airborne detritus out; plastic window screening or (my choice) bridal tulle work well. You'll also need a table or bench on which to set the trays of berries, in a spot that gets full sun for most of the day (you could set them on the ground, but crawly things would likely find their way up under the screening).

(NOTE: I've amended the sugar : berry ratio as of 07/17/08; as last year's conserve aged in the jar, I found it became slightly bitter for lacking sugar.)

The formula (which can be expanded endlessly): per quart of fresh berries, you will need 3/4 cup of sugar and 1/2 TBSP of fresh-squeezed lemon juice. If you are accustomed to very sweet jams (inexplicably the fashion these days) you can use as much as a cup of sugar per quart. But I urge you to go light on the sugar the first time round.

Since I use organic berries, I don't wash them first, but if you're using sprayed berries, do give them a light rinse. Pick through the berries and remove the hulls (use a knife if you must, but I heartily recommend a huller!) and discard any very bruised or moldy berries or grass or straw. Toss the hulled berries with the sugar in a non-reactive bowl or tray and leave them to stand overnight at a cool room temperature (mid-60s-ish; if it's going to be warmer than that, put them in the fridge). If you can, stir the mixture a few times to distribute the slowly dissolving sugar.

In the morning (because you want to take full advantage of the day's sunshine), transfer the berries to a pot large enough to accommodate the berries plus some boiling-up expansion. Add the lemon juice and carefully bring the mixture to a boil (start with low heat at first until the whole mix is hot, then goose the heat to almost high). As soon as the mix boils, reduce the heat and simmer enthusiastically for about 5 minutes. This is just to kill off any bacteria or mold spores that may be tempted to grow as your berries languish in the hot sun. You don't want the fruit to get mushy and break apart.

Pour the hot berries into your trays, dividing carefully if using more than one – make sure the syrup:berry ratio is equal for both (or all 4 if you are a nut like me). Place the tray(s) on your bench or table and cover with your mesh of choice, tucking it at the sides so that there are no points of entry for ants, etc. Let the trays bake in the sun all day, but carefully stir them from time to time, or just use a big spoon and ladle the syrup over the top of the berries.

At the end of the day (or any time during it, if rain threatens), cover the trays, or drag them indoors. If critters are a problem (raccoons, bears), you would be wise to bring the trays in. We have bears here; a smart young male plundered my bird feeders two Junes ago.

The other morning, while my berries were out, I was wakened by a loud and paraphernalia-enhanced crash at about 4:30, just as it was starting to get light; I dashed out onto the deck, naked and with my heart in my throat, expecting to see Mr. Black bathing in sweetened strawberries...but all was calm and right. I discovered later that one of the cats had knocked a flower-bucket full of metal plant markers off the potting bench – loud but innocuous.

Let the berries sit out in the sun for 2 or 3 (or even 4) days, bringing them in or covering them at night, until the syrup is thickened,...look for it to wrinkle slightly when pushed with your finger. If the weather doesn't cooperate, a thinner syrup is fine. What you will end up with is plump, whole berries in syrup, thicker or thinner depending on weather conditions.

Once the mixture is suitably concentrated, bring it in and pour it into a large pot. Carefully bring it to a boil (as before) then ladle into clean glass jars and can using whatever method works for you.

We put up 85 jars of strawberry conserve last Friday, and 41 jars of sun-cooked rhubarb jam. This method works for any fruit preserve except for ones that rely on pectin and high heat for jelling. I've used it with great success for raspberry, black raspberry, and apricot preserves, and to high acclaim for peach “butter”.

Comments

[Tana Be Nana]

It's hardly fair to add your own comments, Georgy Girl (shit, will that get me killed?): I was refraining to keep the MouthfulsFood people from thinking I am stalking you.

Which I am. Because you amaze me. And because I DISCOVERED YOU. : D

Here's a little tale: I went to the fridge after Logan's mother visited and ate toast. With red stuff on it. I thought I would have to get rude, but thankfully, she'd only consumed half a jar of Swanton Berry Farm strawberry stuff. That, I can get aplenty.

I think I'll have to enjoy the rest of the jar in some kind of feast that honors your work, instead of hording it like one of those bastards who steals a Van Gogh and keeps it under locks in the basement in his regeneration parlor-bunker.

Meanwhile, I will pass this post along to Jordan Champagne. I wish I had the skills to do this shit. Wanna babysit a three-year-old?

[GG Mora]

Calling me Georgy Girl, or even just Georgy, will get you worse than killed. Of course, until about 6 years ago, calling me GG would have gotten you killed, too.

Mongo Jones discovered me first.

[Liza]

I am going to have to hijack some outdoor space but this will be done with the peaches and blackberries Davy brings home by the case. If we could develop a shuttle between his market van and your kitchen door, we'd be rich. Rich, I tell ya!

[GG Mora]

Let's talk.:)

[Liza]

Good news: I will have access to a sunny backyard this coming weekend. Will work with peaches, yes?

[GG Mora]

Will work wonders with peaches. You can never capture the flavor of fresh peaches in a jar, but by sun-cooking you can get closer than anything. Try making peach butter; I've got a recipe(ish) somewhere if you want it.

[Liza]

I made a lot of peach and peach/blackberry butter last year but I liked it more than the others in my party. I'll check Accuweather soon to see if the monsoon will be ending any time.

[kimi redsky]

I just saw this today haha, and even tho we're in the beginning of December,I will DEFINITELY be doing this next summer! I remember my grandma doing it when I was little; she didn't do things with recipes, so no one in the family had one. The process is just as I remember; she used cheesecloth back then I believe. Thank you, I can now do this myself and pass it down to my daughter!

[Denise Prince]

If I want to try this with the quantity of farm stand peaches I came home with (might it be a family history of farming - or poverty that makes me buy in epic proportions and have the uncontrollable instinct to can?) would you recommend I slice or cube them? Luckily I am down here in Texas where there is already no lack of sun.

I've just found your blog but am already grateful and pleased as if coming home.

[GG Mora]

I don't think it makes much difference...whatever you personal preference is. I actually purée the peaches (after the short cooking) and make Peach Butter.

[[email protected]]

My grandmother made this jam every summer, and I made it last summer. Not this particular recipe, but one similar. Fabulous. I found it in an old hand written family cookbook. It's 5:45 am and my kitchen is filled with the aroma of strawberries. Now to pray for a sunny Seattle day.

[Rachel Hardwick]

Can you give some more info on how you made the rhubarb jam? I am thinking you cooked it on the stove longer than you would for the strawberries. Also, can this be done with blueberries? Thanks!

[GG Mora]

Rachel, I don't cook the rhubarb any longer. Rhubarb falls apart very quickly once you start to cook it, and I prefer to have recognizable pieces of it in the preserves. This method works beautifully with blueberries, cherries, raspberries, blackberries, peaches, and apricots. There are probably other fruits you could use, but these are the ones I have experience with.

[Rachel Hardwick]

Thanks for the info on using rhubarb. Either I overcooked it or didn't have enough rhubarb, but it turned to fruit leather that my kids loved anyway!

I've sun-cooked peaches this week and this morning had mold growing in the peaches. Yikes - must I throw out the whole tray? Will the second boil in the pot kill all of the mold? Thanks!

[Nora]

You mentioned a "recipe(ish)" for peach butter using the sun cooked method in the above comments. Would you be willing to share? It would be most appreciated.

[GG Mora]

Nora, it's been a few years since I've made peach butter, and I never wrote down a recipe, per se...but any peach jam recipe will do. Just purée it and treat it to the sun-cooking method. Keep going until it's very, very thick.

[Barry Dean]

I don't want to sound negative, but there are a couple of things. First, that guy's hypothesis might make sense, but it should be subjected to tests before we can say if it has any validity (I do grow all my fruit and vegetables organically, but I'm not convinced that makes them taste better in itself). Second, even organic produce should be washed - people can get food poisoning, as the surface of unwashed fruit and veg (especially ones not treated with chemicals) can have Salmonella, E. coli, etc. on them (it's rare but possible).

However, the sun cooking method sounds very intriguing! We don't have the heat here to do that reliably, so I'll have to imagine - though I wonder if sous vide cooking would produce a similar result? (That just occurred to me). Love your blog, as ever :)

[GG Mora]

Because I boil the fruit first before setting it out in the sun, I don't worry about mold, bacteria, etc. If I'm eating fruit raw, yes I'll generally give it a rinse (although you could argue that won't do much against microbial nasties).

Sous vide wouldn't work, since you've got it sealed in plastic...the goal is to evaporate off the water content to concentrate the fruit flavor. Friends have had success baking in a very low oven (175°F/80°C).

[Rouyda Q]

My mother's family made their jam this way so did my mom for decates since they had lots of apricot trees and i learned from her
Love this way
I am going to try it with peaches

[Jake Gittes]

Growing up in Sandwich, MA on Cape Cod in the 70's and 80's there was place called the Green Briar Jam Kitchen. They made euphorically delicious sun-cooked strawberry and apricot-brandy jams seasonally. These delights were staple stocking stuffers my mother would grace us with every Christmas morning. Never had anything like them before or since. After my mom died last year I took a trip back to Sandwich to revisit all her favorite haunts, only to discover that most of them were gone. Most poignantly the Jam kitchen had been closed down and production stopped on their sun-cooked jams because of code violations (they didn't have a liquor license [insert eye roll here]. Indeed, you can't go home again. But discovering your site and all the resources and recipes it contains has given me a little hope that there still is a little sun-cooked sweetness to be enjoyed in this world. Thank You.